Approach	Description	Illustrative Actions
Inclusive Planning	Formulate evidence-based plans and actions, in consultation with relevant communities, that consider past and future shocks and stressors	Build city capacity for data collection, interpretation, and use in planning
		Engage communities in data collection processes
		Support locally led resilience planning process that incorporates context and local knowledge
		Promote learning through monitoring of resilience activities
Governance	Align diverse actors, policies, and strategies for coordinated action to strengthen urban governance	Map local government entities to mandates, authority, and funding to identify key focus area partners and cross-sector synergies
		Support land-use planning, and development and enforcement of zoning regulations to address anticipated shocks and stressors.
		Align subnational and national resilience strategies and policies.
		Improve public participation, inclusion of marginalized and underrepresented groups, and enable demand-response links between the public and local governments.
Finance	Unlock financial capital and budget to ensure resources to initiate and sustain contextually appropriate actions to promote resilience	Build municipal capacity to financially structure resilience projects, including blended finance solutions
		Facilitate cities’ access to international finance
		Support cities in integrating resilience into capital plans and budgets
		Explore new financing instruments to support city action on resilience
		Increase own-source revenue generation to support resilience measures
Social Capital	Build social capital and strengthen existing social bonds by deepening social systems that facilitate collective action in response to shocks and stressors	Build the capacity of civil society organizations, including those serving youth, women, and marginalized populations, to be aware of, and respond directly to, community needs
		Redesign public spaces to encourage interactions that build community among residents
		Emphasize and leverage local expertise and networks in design and implementation of projects
Natural Capital	Restore and protect natural capital, and use natural assets to withstand shocks and address vulnerabilities	Assist cities to integrate nature-based solutions in urban planning and resilience strategies
		Facilitate city access to funds needed to implement nature-based solutions, including blended finance
		Promote nature-based solutions by translating location-specific evidence into actionable insights for policymakers